This study evaluates the effectiveness of PVDF hollow fiber membranes in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system. The objective is to analyze the influence of membrane features on the general treatment effectiveness. A selection of PVDF hollow fiber membranes with diverse pore sizes and surface textures are used in this study. The treatment unit is oper
Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has emerged as a promising approach for treating wastewater due to its ability to achieve high removal rates of organic matter, nutrients, and suspended solids. MBRs combine the principles of biological treatment with membrane filtration, resulting in an efficient and versatile tool for water purification. The f
Nanobubbles are emerging as a groundbreaking technology in the agricultural sector. These tiny gas bubbles, measuring just nanometers in diameter, possess unique properties that improve plant growth and crop yields. By incorporating nanobubbles into irrigation systems or soil amendments, farmers can increase nutrient uptake, promote root developmen